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Malaysie te sipose reporte Singapore nan tribinal, yo gen tan...

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Malaysie te sipose reporte Singapore nan tribinal, yo gen tan pou yo tou ye moun men yo pagentan pou ede moun vi avek sante:

The southern Indian state of Kerala recently introduced emergency measures to combat an infectious respiratory disease transmitted by bats - although we're not talking about Covid-19, but rather the Nipah virus.

It was the fourth such outbreak in Kerala since 2018. On this occasion, the state contained the virus within days and limited the fatalities to two, demonstrating why it has one of the best healthcare systems in India.

The Nipah virus (NiV) infection, also called the Nipah virus encephalitis, is named after the Malaysian village of Kampung Sungai Nipah, where it was first found.

It is a zoonotic disease that spreads from animals to humans.

An outbreak of the virus in Malaysia in 1998 and 1999 started from infected pigs and resulted in 265 cases and 108 deaths.

(According to a Kerala health department source, the pig is an intermediary host, transmitting the virus from bat to human.) The strain then spread to Singapore in 1999, leading to 11 infections and one death.

In Bangladesh, the virus has infected 237 people since 2001; 150 deaths were recorded prior to 2011, before cases gradually dropped to zero in 2016. This year, Bangladesh has recorded 11 infections, resulting in eight deaths.

In India, the first Nipah outbreak was reported in the city of Siliguri in West Bengal in 2001, where there were 66 cases and 45 deaths.

The first case in Kerala was reported from the city of Kozhikode in the northern part of the state in May 2018. During that outbreak, 21 deaths were registered.

Kerala likewise battled outbreaks in Kozhikode in 2019 and Ernakulam in 2021, before new cases appeared this year in Kozhikode.

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In Kerala, Nipah is postulated to spread through the consumption of fruit that has been infected by bats. Fruit bats belong to the Pteropodidae family, and survive largely on a diet of fruit which they locate with their sense of smell or by finding the source of the echoes of their own sound.

"Their habit is to fly in long ranges in search of fruit," C Abdul Latheef, divisional forest officer at Kerala's Forest and Wildlife Department in Kozhikode, told RT. "They even fly in a 30km radius in a single day in search of fruit."

Dr M Muraleedharan, national convener of the Indian Medical Association's Antimicrobial Resistance Committee, said bats carry around 4,000 viruses, including Nipah.

"The virus will live in the body of bats, while it is fatal for other animals," he told RT. "(Nipah) is not present in all bats, but in 3% of them. The virus will multiply in the body of each of the 3% and will then spread to others.

"The virus multiplies because of factors like scarcity of food and drinking water; when bats get scared; climate change; and due to pregnancy in female bats. The connection to climate change is an assumption that has to be studied," he added.

One place the infected bats might have visited during the latest outbreak is farmland owned by one of its victims.

Suffering from severe fever, headache, and fatigue, the 40-year-old M Haris staggered towards the home of Dr P Jyothikumar, a general practitioner in Vadakara, located in Kerala's Kozhikode district, on September 11. The symptoms did not subside despite treatment at a private clinic and at a Primary Health Centre.

Haris, of Ayancheri near Vadakara in Kozhikode, died that day at the Aster Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), a private hospital.

Posted September 25 2023 at 5:02 PM

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